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Hospice care in Japan

S Suzuki, J M Kirschling, I Inoue

    The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care
    |July 1, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hospice care in Japan, established in the 1970s, is primarily hospital-based with an estimated 21 programs. This study reviews its history, current status, and future trends, comparing it with U.S. hospice care and exploring cultural nuances like "truth telling".

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    Area of Science:

    • Palliative Care
    • Health Services Research
    • Cross-Cultural Healthcare Studies

    Background:

    • Hospice care was introduced to Japan in the 1970s.
    • Currently, Japan has approximately 21 hospice programs, predominantly hospital-based.
    • The evolution of end-of-life care in Japan presents unique cultural considerations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of hospice care in Japan, encompassing its historical development, present condition, and future trajectory.
    • To compare hospice care models in Japan and the United States, highlighting key distinctions.
    • To examine the concept of "truth telling" within the cultural framework of Japanese society in relation to hospice care.

    Main Methods:

    • A literature review was conducted to establish the historical context and current landscape of hospice care in Japan.
    • A mailed survey was distributed to 16 Japanese hospice programs in July 1992 to gather data on operations.
    • The study includes descriptions of four specific hospice programs, detailing staffing, patient length of stay, and prognoses.

    Main Results:

    • Hospice care in Japan is largely integrated within hospital settings.
    • Significant differences exist between Japanese and U.S. hospice care models.
    • The practice of "truth telling" in end-of-life discussions is influenced by Japanese cultural norms.

    Conclusions:

    • Hospice care in Japan has developed distinct characteristics influenced by its cultural context.
    • Understanding these differences is crucial for international collaboration and improving palliative care globally.
    • Further research into cultural factors affecting end-of-life communication, such as "truth telling," is warranted.

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