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Dexamethasone promotes ulcer plugging in experimental enteritis

A Anthony1, A P Dhillon, R Sim

  • 1University Department of Histopathology, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London, UK.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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High-dose dexamethasone inhibits indomethacin-induced jejunal ulcers in rats, while low doses promote ulcer plugging with inflammatory material, reducing hemorrhage.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like indomethacin are common causes of gastrointestinal ulceration.
  • Corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, are used to manage inflammation but their effects on NSAID-induced ulcers require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of dexamethasone on indomethacin-induced jejunal ulceration in a rat model.
  • To assess the dose-dependent impact of dexamethasone on ulcer formation and characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were administered indomethacin (15 mg/kg) to induce jejunal ulcers.
  • Groups received varying doses of dexamethasone (1, 3, 6 mg/kg) or vehicle prior to indomethacin.
  • Ulceration was assessed macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically, with concurrent hematological evaluation.

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Main Results:

  • Indomethacin induced multifocal jejunal ulceration and a significant decrease in hemoglobin.
  • High-dose dexamethasone (6 mg/kg) reduced ulceration, while all doses prevented the fall in hemoglobin.
  • Dexamethasone-treated ulcers exhibited 'plugging' with bacteria, fibrin, mucus, and neutrophils, reducing hemorrhage but indicating an inflammatory response.

Conclusions:

  • Dexamethasone exhibits a dual effect: high doses inhibit indomethacin-induced jejunal ulcers, while lower doses promote ulcer plugging.
  • The plugging effect, characterized by inflammatory exudate, likely reduces ulcer base hemorrhage.
  • Dexamethasone alone did not cause significant pathology in the rat small intestine.