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Improved spatial resolution for cardiac mapping using current source density-based electrode arrays

C F Pieper1, A Pacifico

  • 1Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Current source density (CSD) arrays offer superior spatial specificity and accurate local activation time determination compared to monopolar (MP) and bipolar (BP) electrograms, especially for studying arrhythmias like ventricular tachycardia.

Area of Science:

  • Electrophysiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Monopolar (MP) electrograms approximate local activation but struggle with far-field interference, limiting their use in dense arrays for studying ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Bipolar (BP) and current source density (CSD) based arrays are explored as alternatives for improved signal clarity and activation timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate discrete bipolar (BP) and two-dimensional current source density (CSD) arrays for improved rejection of far-field potentials.
  • To assess the precision of activation time determination using BP and CSD arrays compared to MP electrograms.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous recordings of CSD, MP, and multiple BP electrograms were performed on normal dog epicardium.
  • Activation times were compared using peak, steepest slope, zero crossing, and waveform morphology analysis.

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  • In vivo experiments involved inserting inert media to assess signal amplitude reduction.

    • Main Results:

    • CSD amplitude showed significantly greater reduction than MP and BP amplitudes when separated from the heart.
    • The steepest slope in CSD electrograms provided activation times closest to the minimum slope time in MP electrograms (0.9 +/- 1.3 msec).

    Conclusions:

    • CSD arrays offer a nondirectional system for accurate local activation time determination.
    • CSD exhibits superior spatial specificity compared to MP and BP electrode systems with identical interelectrode distances.