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Nuclear/growth factors
1CNRS URA 1414, Développement et Evolution du Système Nerveux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
Abstract:
The now classical model for cell-cell communication espouses that information travels between cells in the form of molecules that bind specific cell-surface receptors and trigger signal-transducing mechanisms that eventually lead to transcriptional modifications. Here we gather the available information suggesting that some growth factors may also act by interfering directly with gene transcription, following their internalization and nuclear translocation. Among these factors are bona fide growth factors such as Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 and -2 and Schwannoma Derived Growth Factor, for which internalization and nuclear translocation have been demonstrated. Conversely, we propose that some isoforms of nuclear factors of the homeoprotein family could pass from cell to cell. The implications of the model are presented in the context of the specificity of cellular interactions.
Insights
Some growth factors directly influence gene transcription after entering the nucleus, challenging classical cell communication models. This suggests novel mechanisms for cellular interaction and information transfer.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Classical cell-cell communication involves cell-surface receptors and signal transduction.
- Transcriptional modifications are the typical outcome of these signaling pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore alternative mechanisms of cell-cell communication.
- To investigate the direct nuclear actions of growth factors.
- To propose a new model for intercellular information transfer.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing scientific literature.
- Analysis of studies demonstrating growth factor internalization and nuclear translocation.
- Hypothesizing novel roles for nuclear factors in cell communication.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests certain growth factors (e.g., FGF-1, FGF-2, SDGF) translocate to the nucleus.
- These factors may directly modulate gene transcription.
- A hypothesis is proposed for cell-to-cell transfer of homeoprotein isoforms.
Conclusions:
- Cell-cell communication may involve direct nuclear interference by internalized factors.
- This expands our understanding beyond cell-surface receptor interactions.
- The model has implications for the specificity of cellular interactions.