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[Reactions to iodinated contrast media]
1Service de Pneumo-Allergologie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille.
Allergie Et Immunologie
|December 1, 1994
Summary
Iodinated contrast media (ICPs) can cause secondary reactions in radiological exams. Using non-ionic, low-osmolality ICPs and corticosteroid premedication significantly reduces adverse events.
Area of Science:
- Radiology and Imaging
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
Context:
- Iodinated contrast media (ICPs) are widely used in radiological examinations.
- Adverse reactions to ICPs range from 4.6% to 8.5%, including toxic and anaphylactoid types.
- Risk factors for anaphylactoid reactions include asthma, beta-blocker use, and prior ICP reactions.
Purpose:
- To review the mechanisms and risk factors associated with adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media.
- To compare the safety profiles of hyperosmolar versus non-ionic, low-osmolality ICPs.
- To identify strategies for minimizing contrast-induced adverse events.
Summary:
- Non-ionic, low-osmolality ICPs cause significantly fewer and less severe secondary reactions compared to hyperosmolar ICPs.
- IgE-dependent reactions are rare; most reactions involve other mechanisms.
- No definitive paraclinical tests exist for diagnosing or predicting ICP reactions.
Impact:
- Premedication with corticosteroids combined with the use of non-ionic ICPs offers the best protection against adverse reactions.
- Non-ionic ICPs are recommended for patients with a history of reactions and in cases where increased osmolality is contraindicated.