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Cancer prevention clinical trials
1Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|November 1, 1994
Summary
Many cancers are preventable through lifestyle changes like avoiding tobacco and improving diet. Research is ongoing to determine optimal nutritional strategies for cancer risk reduction.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nutritional Science
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Many cancers, including lung, head and neck, breast, colon, and prostate cancers, are potentially preventable.
- Epidemiologic and laboratory evidence suggests a link between specific nutrients (fat, fiber, vitamins) and cancer risk.
- Dietary modifications may play a significant role in reducing cancer incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential for cancer prevention through lifestyle modifications, particularly diet.
- To review the current progress and future directions of human clinical trials investigating nutrient-cancer risk relationships.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing epidemiologic and laboratory data on nutrient-cancer links.
- Analysis of ongoing and completed prospective human clinical trials.
- Discussion of strategies to overcome barriers in large-scale cancer prevention trials.
Main Results:
- Avoidance of tobacco is crucial for preventing lung and head and neck cancers.
- Dietary factors like fat, fiber, and vitamins are implicated in the risk of common cancers.
- Approximately 40 prospective clinical trials are underway, with some yielding encouraging preliminary results.
Conclusions:
- Cancer is largely preventable through measures such as tobacco avoidance and dietary adjustments.
- Prospective human trials are essential for determining effective nutritional interventions.
- Utilizing intermediate markers instead of cancer endpoints can facilitate future large-scale prevention studies.