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The nutrition transition in Brazil
C A Monteiro1, L Mondini, A L de Souza
1Center for epidemiological studies in health and nutrition, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|February 1, 1995
Summary
Brazil
Area of Science:
- Public Health and Nutrition
- Epidemiology
- Anthropometry
Background:
- Nutritional status in Brazil has undergone significant transformations over recent decades.
- Understanding these shifts is crucial for public health policy and interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze changes in child and adult nutritional status in Brazil from 1974 to 1989.
- To identify trends in undernutrition and obesity across different socioeconomic groups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from two large, nationally representative cross-sectional anthropometric surveys (1974 and 1989).
- Assessed child nutritional status using weight-for-age and weight-for-height indices (NCHS/WHO standards).
- Evaluated adult nutritional status using Body Mass Index (BMI).
Main Results:
- Undernutrition prevalence declined across all age groups and socioeconomic strata, though remaining relevant for low-income children.
- Adult obesity rates increased significantly in all demographic groups, with a disproportionate rise in lower-income families.
- The relationship between income and obesity shifted, with increasing prevalence among middle- and lower-income women.
Conclusions:
- Brazil is transitioning from a primary concern of dietary deficit to one of dietary excess.
- These findings highlight a complex epidemiological transition in nutritional status within Brazil.
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