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Eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases--structure and function

R L Adams1

  • 1Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
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DNA methylation, the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases, is crucial for controlling gene expression in eukaryotes. DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases maintain these patterns during replication, ensuring tissue-specific gene activity.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression in higher eukaryotes.
  • Methylated DNA is packaged into inaccessible chromatin structures, hindering transcription.
  • This process involves the addition of a methyl group to the 5-position of cytosine by DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of DNA methylation in gene expression control.
  • To understand how DNA methyltransferases maintain methylation patterns.
  • To investigate the mechanism of maintaining tissue-specific gene expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on the enzymatic activity of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase.
  • Examines methylation occurring in nuclear replication foci.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigates the recognition of methylcytosine on parental DNA strands post-replication.

    • Main Results:

    • DNA methylation controls gene expression by altering chromatin accessibility.
    • DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase catalyzes methylation at the 5-position of cytosine.
    • Methylation occurs in replication foci, allowing enzyme access.
    • Methyltransferases maintain methylation patterns in somatic cells, preserving tissue-specific gene expression.

    Conclusions:

    • DNA methylation is essential for regulating gene expression and maintaining epigenetic patterns.
    • DNA methyltransferases play a critical role in inheritance of methylation marks during DNA replication.
    • This mechanism ensures stable tissue-specific gene expression patterns throughout cell division.