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[Physicians in Mexico, 1970-1990]

J Frenk1, L Durán-Arenas, A Vázquez-Segovia

  • 1Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Pública (CISP), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), México.

Salud Publica De Mexico
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Despite a near tripling of physicians in Mexico, unequal distribution persists, leading to unemployment and underemployment even in underserved areas. Training more doctors has not improved healthcare access or coverage.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Workforce Research
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • In 1970, unequal physician distribution in Mexico was noted but overshadowed by a general shortage.
  • The physician-to-population ratio has changed significantly since 1970, necessitating a re-evaluation of distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze physician distribution and requirements in Mexico using 1990 census data.
  • To identify persistent inequalities and emerging issues in the Mexican healthcare system.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1990 Mexican census data.
  • Application of traditional physician availability indicators.
  • Utilization of indirect criteria for physician requirements.

Main Results:

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  • Mexico had 157,407 physicians in 1990, averaging 673 persons per physician.
  • Significant state-level disparities existed, with Chiapas at 1,642 and the Federal District at 292 inhabitants per physician.
  • 19.4% of physicians were not practicing clinical medicine, and physician unemployment/underemployment emerged paradoxically.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing the number of physicians has not resolved healthcare accessibility and coverage issues.
  • Current strategies have potentially exacerbated inequalities and created new problems in physician distribution.
  • Addressing physician distribution requires a shift beyond simply increasing training numbers.