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[Leishmaniasis and ENT]

J Carbonell Casasús1, D L Cánovas Llorens, R Soler Vilarrasa

  • 1Servicio de O.R.L. Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca.

Anales Otorrinolaringologicos Ibero-Americanos
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis is rare, but can affect the airway. One case presented as the initial symptom of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in an undiagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV+) patient.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis is an uncommon manifestation of Leishmania infection.
  • Nasal and pharyngeal involvement are rare but documented.
  • Laryngeal involvement as a primary presentation of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is unprecedented.

Observation:

  • Three cases of mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis are presented.
  • Two cases exhibited nasal involvement.
  • One case demonstrated hypopharyngeal and laryngeal affection, marking the initial presentation of AIDS in a previously undiagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV+) individual.

Findings:

  • Leishmaniasis of the larynx has not been previously reported as an initial manifestation of AIDS.
  • A growing association between Leishmaniasis and AIDS is observed in the region.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Atypical presentations of Leishmaniasis warrant consideration for underlying HIV infection.

    • Implications:

    • The findings suggest considering Leishmania infection as a potential diagnostic criterion for AIDS in HIV+ patients.
    • Investigating HIV infection is recommended for patients presenting with atypical Leishmaniasis, including unusual sites or disease course.
    • This highlights the importance of recognizing Leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis of airway compromise, especially in endemic regions with rising HIV prevalence.