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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

R W Farr1

  • 1Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown.

The West Virginia Medical Journal
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

A 1993 outbreak revealed Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) in the U.S., caused by a novel Muerto Canyon virus strain. Early recognition of this severe respiratory illness is crucial for prompt supportive care.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a severe respiratory illness.
  • Previously, significant pulmonary disease caused by hantavirus was not documented in the U.S.

Observation:

  • A 1993 outbreak of HPS occurred in the western U.S.
  • Epidemiologic investigation identified a novel hantavirus strain as the causative agent.

Findings:

  • The novel hantavirus was named Muerto Canyon virus.
  • Transmission occurs via aerosolized excreta of infected rodents.
  • HPS presents with fever, myalgia, respiratory symptoms, and acute respiratory distress.

Implications:

  • HPS has a high mortality rate (60%), underscoring the need for early diagnosis.
  • Prompt supportive treatment is essential.
  • Intravenous ribavirin is an investigational therapy available through the CDC.

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