Teaching multiplication facts to students with learning disabilities: teacher-selected versus student-selected...

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the constant time delay procedure, while comparing the efficiency of using teacher-selected and student-selected material prompts, in teaching multiplication facts to 4 male students with learning disabilities ranging in age from 9 years 6 months to 13 years 10 months. The two prompting strategies were compared in the context of a multiple-probe design across groups of multiplication facts, in which the sequence of strategies was counterbalanced across students. Results indicated that although the constant time delay procedure used with material prompts was effective, instruction was more efficient when students were allowed to select the material prompt.