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Related Experiment Videos

Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementation

P D Balsom1, K Söderlund, B Ekblom

  • 1Karolinska Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Physiology III, Stockholm, Sweden.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Creatine supplementation increases free and phosphorylated creatine in skeletal muscle, enhancing high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. It is not linked to adverse effects and is used therapeutically for creatine synthesis disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Creatine is vital for skeletal muscle energy metabolism, with over 95% of total creatine (Crtot) in humans stored in muscle.
  • Skeletal muscle creatine exists as free (Crf) and phosphorylated (Crphos) forms, influenced by factors like age and disease, but not training or gender.
  • Daily creatine turnover is approximately 2g, with exogenous sources (meat, fish) and endogenous synthesis (arginine, glycine, methionine) contributing to levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle creatine content and exercise performance.
  • To investigate the safety and therapeutic applications of creatine supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and subsequent studies on creatine feeding and supplementation.

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  • Analysis of creatine levels (Crf and Crphos) in skeletal muscle.
  • Evaluation of exercise performance, including high-intensity intermittent exercise and endurance capacity.
  • Assessment of adverse effects and clinical applications.

    • Main Results:

    • Creatine supplementation effectively increases both Crf and Crphos levels in skeletal muscle.
    • Performance in high-intensity intermittent exercise is enhanced by creatine supplementation.
    • Endurance exercise performance and maximal oxygen uptake show no significant enhancement.
    • No adverse effects were identified with short-term creatine supplementation.

    Conclusions:

    • Creatine supplementation is a safe and effective method to increase skeletal muscle creatine stores.
    • It enhances performance in specific types of exercise, particularly high-intensity intermittent activities.
    • Creatine supplementation has therapeutic potential in treating conditions involving impaired creatine synthesis.