The treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder which may result in esophageal ulcers, erosions, strictures and motility disorders if it is not treated promptly. Physician assessment of risk factors and symptoms is essential for accurate diagnosis and determination of appropriate treatment. Mild cases of GERD can be treated with lifestyle modifications and antacid/alginic acid therapy. Moderate and severe GERD can be treated with histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or omeprazole. The H2RAs require split-dosing, at least twice daily, and higher than peptic ulcer disease treatment doses, while omeprazole 20 to 40 mg may be used. Prokinetic agents and sucralfate have been used as adjunctive treatments, however, conflicting data exist about their efficacy. Maintenance therapy is usually required to avoid disease recurrence; either H2RAs or omeprazole may be prescribed.