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Cellular transglutaminases in neural development

D Hand1, M J Perry, L W Haynes

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Bristol, U.K.

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
|December 1, 1993
PubMed
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Transglutaminases are calcium-dependent enzymes that stabilize cellular structures by forming protein cross-links. Their activity is crucial for neuronal development and tissue organization in mammals.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Transglutaminases (TGs) are enzymes catalyzing calcium-dependent cross-linking of proteins via isopeptide bonds.
  • This cross-linking stabilizes cellular and intercellular structures, crucial for tissue development and function.
  • TG activity is observed in mammalian nervous systems and is particularly important during development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and mechanisms of transglutaminases in biological systems.
  • To highlight the involvement of TGs in cellular differentiation and tissue stabilization.
  • To discuss the structural and regulatory aspects of cellular transglutaminases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing literature on transglutaminase function and structure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of studies demonstrating TG activity in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues.
  • Examination of sequence homologies and gene regulation of cellular TGs.

    • Main Results:

    • Transglutaminases form stable homo- or heterodimers and multimeric complexes by cross-linking proteins.
    • TG activity increases during mammalian brain development, associated with glial cell proliferation.
    • Multiple molecular forms of TGs exist, with diverse cellular and subcellular localization.

    Conclusions:

    • Transglutaminases are essential for stabilizing the superstructure of developing organisms.
    • They play a role in neuronal differentiation, migration, and maintaining cell shape.
    • The targeted formation of glu-lys isopeptide bonds is central to TG function in various biological processes.