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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
Published on: September 20, 2016
Molecular abnormalities in tumors associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
B D Nelkin1, D W Ball, S B Baylin
1Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract:
The tumors of the MEN 2 syndromes, medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma, undergo defined stages of tumor progression. During these stages, several molecular abnormalities develop. These include abnormalities in growth, differentiation, and biochemistry. Recently, the germ-line abnormality in MEN 2A and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma has been identified in the ret gene. This article discusses possible molecular mechanisms for these abnormalities and attempts to place them in the context of the biology of the normal progenitor cells.
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