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Elastin is increased in abdominal aortic aneurysms

D J Minion1, V A Davis, P A Nejezchleb

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shows increased elastin and collagen synthesis. Elastin concentration decreases due to dilution by greater collagen synthesis, not just elastolysis, indicating synthesis is key in AAA formation.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Atherosclerosis Research

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by decreased elastin concentration, often attributed to elastolysis.
  • Discordant gene expression in AAA suggests matrix protein synthesis, not just degradation, plays a role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify circumferential elastin, collagen, and total protein content in normal, atherosclerotic, and aneurysmal infrarenal aortas.
  • To investigate the role of matrix protein synthesis versus degradation in AAA development.

Main Methods:

  • Serial extraction of 1-cm aortic tissue rings.
  • Amino acid analysis to determine hydroxyproline (collagen), desmosine/isodesmosine (elastin), and total protein content.
  • Statistical comparison of content in normal (NL), atherosclerotic (AS), and aneurysmal (AAA) aorta using ANOVA.

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Main Results:

  • Elastin content increased 2.5-fold in AAA compared to NL.
  • Collagen and total protein content increased 5.7-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively, in AAA compared to NL.
  • A strong correlation (r=0.89) was found between aortic circumference and collagen content.

Conclusions:

  • Significant matrix protein synthesis accompanies aortic dilatation in AAA.
  • While both elastin and collagen increase, collagen synthesis significantly outpaces elastin synthesis, leading to elastin dilution.
  • Matrix protein synthesis is a crucial factor in AAA formation, potentially overshadowing proteolysis as the primary cause of decreased elastin concentration.