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Human parvovirus B19-induced aplastic crisis in iron deficiency anemia
1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
Insights
Human parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) infection can trigger aplastic crises, revealing underlying iron deficiency anemia. Prompt iron treatment leads to rapid recovery, highlighting its importance in managing HPVB19-related red blood cell aplasia.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Virology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Human parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) specifically targets erythroid progenitor cells, leading to aplastic crises in individuals with congenital hemolytic anemias.
- HPVB19 infection's cytotoxic effects on red blood cell production are a significant concern in hematological disorders.
Observation:
- Aplastic crisis in a previously healthy girl was linked to HPVB19 infection.
- This event unmasked an underlying, previously undetected iron deficiency anemia.
Findings:
- The aplastic phase was marked by elevated serum iron levels.
- Iron administration resulted in a swift and complete recovery of red blood cell production.
Implications:
- HPVB19-induced red blood cell aplasia can unmask occult iron deficiency anemia.
- This condition may occur in patients with various anemias, especially non-inherited hemolytic forms.
- Early diagnosis and iron supplementation are crucial for managing HPVB19-related aplastic crises.
Abstract:
Human parvovirus B19 (HPVB19) infects and replicates in erythroid progenitor cells. Its specific cytotoxic effect on these cells results in aplastic crises in patients with congenital hemolytic anemias. Aplastic crisis due to HPVB19 infection in a healthy girl revealed occult iron deficiency anemia. The condition is characterized by a high serum iron level in the aplastic phase and rapid recovery after administration of iron. Temporary HPVB19-induced red blood cell aplasia could occur in patients with other anemias, particularly those with non-inherited form of hemolysis.