Identification of a novel polypeptide involved in the formation of DNA-containing vesicles during macronuclear development in Tetrahymena

An abundant phosphoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa (p65) has been identified that is enriched in developing new macronuclei (or anlagen) isolated from the holotrichous ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. During early stages of macronuclear development, p65 is actively synthesized and deposited into young (4C) anlagen and is not found in micronuclei or parental macronuclei. p65 is not detected in older (8C) anlagen or in vegetatively growing or starved cells, and thus p65 is under stringent developmental control. In situ analyses, using polyclonal antibodies generated against p65, demonstrate that p65 undergoes a pronounced change in distribution during anlagen differentiation. Initially, anlagen are uniformly stained with these antibodies. However, following separation of conjugants, this staining pattern converts to one that is punctate and fragmented. As development proceeds, most, if not all, of these p65-based particles become peripherally located in anlagen and appear as well-defined vesicles surrounding a discrete central core of DNA of yet undetermined origin. This remarkable cytological distribution suggests an involvement of p65 in the elimination or processing of DNA during anlagen differentiation. If the above is correct, p65 provides the first inroad into the protein machinery involved in the well-known DNA rearrangements that characterize ciliate macronuclear development.