High-resolution computed tomography in acute diffuse lung disease in the immunocompromised patient

A number of studies have shown that high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning may be helpful in the assessment of acute diffuse lung disease in immunocompromised patients. HRCT may demonstrate abnormalities when the radiograph is normal and may allow for a more confident diagnosis in patients with nonspecific radiographic findings. Because HRCT is superior in demonstrating the distribution and extent of parenchymal abnormalities, it is also helpful as a guide to the optimal type and site of lung biopsy. This article reviews the HRCT manifestations of the most common causes of acute diffuse lung disease in the immunocompromised host, including infection, drug-induced lung disease, pulmonary edema, and neoplasms.