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Adult age differences in impression change processes

T M Hess1, S M Pullen

  • 1Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7801.

Psychology and Aging
|June 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Young and older adults show similar impression change, but differ in how they weigh information, particularly negative behaviors. Age differences in implicit theories of behavior influence social cognition and memory.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Previous research suggested older adults integrate new information less effectively into memory schemas, potentially leading to less impression change.
  • This study investigates age-related differences in impression updating and memory consolidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how young and older adults change their impressions based on new behavioral information.
  • To explore age differences in the integration of consistent versus inconsistent information.
  • To understand the role of implicit theories of behavior in social cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted involving participants forming an initial impression of a fictitious person.
  • Participants then received additional behavioral information varying in consistency with the initial impression.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measures included impression change and memory for behavioral information.

    • Main Results:

    • Contrary to predictions, older adults did not show less impression change than younger adults.
    • Both age groups demonstrated differential weighting of information types (e.g., negative behaviors).
    • These weighting differences influenced subsequent impressions and memory recall.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related differences in impression change are not solely due to integration difficulties.
    • Implicit theories about behavior significantly impact social cognition and memory across the lifespan.
    • Future research should consider the nuanced ways age affects information processing in social contexts.