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Naltrexone-induced alterations in human ethanol intoxication

R M Swift1, W Whelihan, O Kuznetsov

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, increases subjective intoxication and aversive effects from alcohol, potentially explaining its effectiveness in reducing relapse drinking in alcoholics. This study examined naltrexone

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces relapse drinking in abstinent alcoholics.
  • The specific effects of naltrexone on ethanol intoxication are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of naltrexone on subjective and objective measures of ethanol intoxication.
  • To determine how naltrexone influences the experience of alcohol intoxication.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, crossover study involving 19 nonalcoholic drinkers.
  • Participants received naltrexone (50 mg) or placebo, followed by an intoxicating dose of ethanol.
  • Measures included mood, physical sensations, performance, and ethanol pharmacokinetics.

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Main Results:

  • Naltrexone augmented sedative and discriminant effects of ethanol.
  • Positive reinforcing effects of ethanol were reduced by naltrexone.
  • Naltrexone did not affect psychomotor performance or ethanol pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Naltrexone's reduction of ethanol consumption may be due to increased subjective intoxication or aversive effects.
  • Findings support naltrexone's clinical utility in treating alcoholism.
  • Reduced positive reinforcement from ethanol may also contribute to decreased consumption.