Identification of oxide layers of commercially pure titanium in response to cleaning procedures

The composition and thickness of the oxide formed on commercially pure titanium disks were analyzed after the disks were subjected to one of four surface treatments: (1) cleaning with the initial Brånemark regimen, (2) Brånemark regimen and autoclaving, (3) Brånemark regimen and radiofrequency glow discharge (RFGD) treatment for 5 minutes, and (4) Brånemark regimen and RFGD treatment followed by storage for 30 days. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis showed titanium dioxide to be the prominent oxide; no significant differences in the thickness of the oxide layers were found.