[Biodeterioration and corrosion of metallic implants and prostheses]

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Materials Science and Engineering
• Medical Device Development

Context:

• Surgical implants and prosthetic devices are integral to modern medicine.
• Biocompatibility of materials is paramount to prevent implant failure due to corrosion.
• Historical practices have evolved from trial and error to systematic study of implant degradation.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive review of biocompatibility and corrosion in metallic implants and prosthetic devices.
• To detail the specific forms of corrosion encountered in biological media.
• To highlight advancements in implant fixation, such as powder metallurgy.

Summary:

• Metallic implants are essential in medicine, but their longevity depends on material biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion.
• This review examines various metallic alloys (stainless steel, Cr, Ni, Co, Ti, tantalum) and their corrosion behaviors in biological environments.
• Key corrosion types discussed include pitting, crevice, galvanic, and fretting corrosion, emphasizing their impact on implant performance.

Impact:

• The study underscores the need for an interdisciplinary approach, integrating materials science expertise into medical teams.
• This collaboration enhances implant quality, reliability, and functional lifespan through adherence to standards and testing.
• A deeper understanding of biomaterial interactions optimizes skeletal fixation and overall patient outcomes.