Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension. A dozen years of experience

Introduction of the first angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, in 1981 marked a major advance in the treatment of essential hypertension. This article reviews the 12 years of clinical experience during which it and other ACE inhibitors have become recognized as first-line agents for treating hypertension. The benefits of ACE inhibition in diabetic patients are being defined. In recent years, beneficial effects on glucose handling, left-ventricular mass, quality of life, renal function, and myocardial protection have become recognized. For these reasons, and because of their excellent safety profile, ACE inhibitors are now widely used for the treatment of hypertensive patients.