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Physicochemical parameters of x-ray contrast media
W Krause1, H Miklautz, U Kollenkirchen
1Schering AG, Berlin, Germany.
Investigative Radiology
|January 1, 1994
Summary
New contrast media exhibit lower osmolality than existing options. Novel nonionic monomers, particularly ZK 139129, show promise for reduced osmolality during dilution, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Radiology and Medical Imaging
- Biophysical Chemistry
Background:
- Contrast media are crucial for medical imaging.
- Understanding their physical properties like osmolality is vital for safety and efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine osmolality, viscosity, density, and partition coefficient of 11 commercial contrast media and 2 new nonionic monomers.
- To compare the physical properties of novel contrast agents with existing ones.
Main Methods:
- Osmolality measured by vapor pressure osmometry.
- Viscosity determined by microcapillary flow.
- Partition coefficient assessed using n-octanol/water or n-butanol/water mixtures.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant ranking of osmolality was established for commercial contrast media at 300 mg iodine/mL.
- Novel nonionic monomers (ZK 119095, ZK 139129) demonstrated very low osmolalities, with ZK 139129 being isotonic.
- Ionic contrast agents had lower partition coefficients in n-octanol/water compared to nonionic dimer iotrolan.
Conclusions:
- Dynamic osmolality may differ from static values due to "quasi-oligomer" formation.
- ZK 139129 showed disaggregation during dilution with a slight osmolality increase but remained lower than other monomers.
- Novel nonionic monomers offer potential advantages in osmolality profiles for contrast media.