[Juveline xanthogranuloma. A case report]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Pediatric Pathology

Background:

• Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a common, benign, self-limiting xanthoma typically presenting in infants and young children.
• While often presenting as solitary or multiple cutaneous nodules, JXG can rarely manifest in extracutaneous sites.

Observation:

• A six-month-old boy presented with 17 yellowish, pea-sized papules on his scalp, trunk, and limbs.
• The child was in good health, with only cutaneous lesions observed.
• No other significant laboratory abnormalities were detected.

Findings:

• Histopathology revealed a dense dermal infiltrate composed primarily of histiocytes.
• Foreign-body type giant cells were also present in the dermal infiltrate.
• Sudan III staining identified small lipid droplets within some histiocytes, consistent with xanthogranuloma.

Implications:

• This case highlights the papular presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) in infants.
• The findings support JXG as a benign, lipid-laden histiocytic infiltrate.
• Early diagnosis through histopathology aids in appropriate management and reassurance for affected families.