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New and old in prognosis determination
1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|November 1, 1993
Summary
This review discusses prognostic factors for human breast cancer, including clinical, serum, pathological, and molecular markers. Understanding these markers aids in predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biomarkers
- Cancer Prognostics
Background:
- Accurate prognosis is crucial for effective human breast cancer management.
- Numerous prognostic factors have been identified over time, necessitating a comprehensive overview.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss established and emerging prognostic factors for human breast cancer.
- To consolidate information on clinical, serological, pathological, and molecular markers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of old and recent studies on breast cancer prognostic factors.
- Categorization of prognostic markers into clinical, serum, pathological, and molecular types.
Main Results:
- Clinical factors include tumor size and patient age.
- Serum markers (e.g., CEA, CA 15-3) and pathological factors (e.g., grade, lymph node status) are widely used.
- Emerging molecular markers include oncogene status (e.g., p53), DNA ploidy, and proliferation markers (e.g., Ki67).
Conclusions:
- A combination of traditional and novel markers provides a comprehensive approach to breast cancer prognosis.
- Molecular biological insights are increasingly important for predicting patient outcomes.