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Visual function and long-term chloroquine treatment

P R Bartel1, P Roux, E Robinson

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
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This study found minimal retinal toxicity risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients taking recommended chloroquine doses. Comprehensive ophthalmic tests showed no significant visual loss or abnormalities linked to chloroquine use.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment often involves chloroquine.
  • Chloroquine can cause ocular toxicity, particularly retinal damage.
  • Monitoring visual function is crucial for patients on long-term chloroquine therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the retinal toxicity of daily chloroquine sulphate (200 mg) in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • To assess visual function using a battery of ophthalmic and visual tests.
  • To determine the correlation between chloroquine dosage and potential ocular side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Ophthalmic examinations and visual function tests were conducted on 64 RA patients.
  • Tests included Humphrey automated perimetry, Amsler grids, visual evoked potentials, critical flicker fusion threshold, Cambridge contrast sensitivity, and macular dazzle test.

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  • Patients had taken 200 mg chloroquine sulphate daily for 3-11 months.

    • Main Results:

    • No cases of retinal pigmentary abnormalities with visual loss were identified.
    • Two patients were advised to discontinue chloroquine due to funduscopic findings.
    • No significant correlations were found between test results and cumulative chloroquine dose.

    Conclusions:

    • Currently recommended doses of chloroquine appear to pose a minimal risk of retinal toxicity in RA patients.
    • Routine ophthalmic monitoring is important for early detection of potential side effects.
    • Further research may be warranted to confirm long-term safety profiles.