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Extraocularmotor dysfunction associated with tumors

J B Eskridge1

  • 1School of Optometry, Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Optometry Clinics : the Official Publication of the Prentice Society
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Brain tumors can cause eye movement disorders, with cranial nerve palsies occurring in 19% of cases. The sixth cranial nerve is most frequently impacted by neoplastic growth, leading to varied ocular symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Intracranial and extracranial tumors are significant causes of extraocular motor dysfunction.
  • Neoplastic growth accounts for approximately 19% of reported cases of cranial nerve paralysis.

Observation:

  • The sixth cranial nerve is the most commonly affected nerve in tumor-induced extraocular muscle dysfunction.
  • Tumors can impact eye muscles and nerves through direct invasion, metastasis, or increased intracranial pressure.
  • The specific ocular signs and symptoms depend on the underlying mechanism of dysfunction.

Findings:

  • Neoplasms frequently cause extraocular motor dysfunction by affecting the third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerves directly.
  • Tumors can also impair extraocular movements by affecting supranuclear areas or through metastatic spread.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Increased intracranial pressure secondary to tumors can indirectly lead to cranial nerve or supranuclear pathway compromise.

    • Implications:

    • Understanding tumor-related mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing and managing extraocular motor dysfunction.
    • Ocular signs and symptoms provide valuable clues to the location and type of intracranial or extracranial tumors.
    • This highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving neurology, ophthalmology, and oncology.