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[Extrapyramidal syndrome induced by chemical substances]
1Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 1, 1993
Summary
Environmental toxins can cause Parkinsonism and tremors. These extrapyramidal signs, often symmetrical, may not respond well to standard treatments, with CT scans showing brain abnormalities.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Toxicology
- Environmental Medicine
Context:
- Extrapyramidal signs, such as Parkinsonism and tremor, are common in toxic diseases caused by environmental and industrial chemicals.
- Parkinsonism is frequently observed following exposure to carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl alcohol, often appearing during recovery from severe cases.
Purpose:
- To review the neurological manifestations of toxic diseases, focusing on extrapyramidal signs.
- To differentiate the types of extrapyramidal signs associated with different chemical exposures.
- To discuss the typical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment response of these conditions.
Summary:
- Toxic exposures can lead to Parkinsonism (akinesia, rigidity) or tremor. Parkinsonism is associated with chemicals like carbon monoxide and methyl alcohol, while postural tremor is seen with inorganic mercury and tetraethyl lead.
- Extrapyramidal signs in toxic diseases are typically symmetrical, and antiparkinsonian drugs like Levodopa are often ineffective.
- Brain CT studies in Parkinsonism cases reveal symmetrical low-density areas in the globus pallidus and putamen.
Impact:
- This review highlights the distinct neurological profiles of various toxic exposures, aiding in diagnosis and management.
- Understanding these patterns can improve patient outcomes by guiding appropriate supportive care and avoiding ineffective treatments.
- The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental and industrial toxins in the differential diagnosis of movement disorders.