The etiology of interstitial cystitis

The cause of interstitial cystitis remains unknown. Potential causes including infection, vascular alterations, psychological aberrations, bladder surface alterations, toxic agents, neurologic disorders, and autoimmune responses have been investigated. To date, no compelling evidence for any hypothesized cause is available. Recently, several animal models have been described that may provide a basis for fundamental biologic studies that may aid in answering this important question.