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The climacteric and well-being

F P Groeneveld1, F P Bareman, R Barentsen

  • 1Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Menopausal status significantly impacts women's well-being, particularly affecting social and emotional functioning during perimenopause and postmenopause. These changes are linked to daily behavioral functioning, independent of other life factors.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • The climacteric involves significant life changes that can cause various complaints.
  • It is challenging to isolate the specific impact of the climacteric on overall well-being.
  • Understanding menopausal status's effect on well-being is crucial for women's health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between menopausal status and women's well-being.
  • To investigate how different stages of menopause relate to subjective health and functioning.
  • To identify specific areas of well-being affected by menopausal transition.

Main Methods:

  • A population of 2729 women aged 45-60 years was surveyed.
  • A self-administered questionnaire was used, with a response rate of 71.3% (1947 women).

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  • Well-being was assessed using the Inventory of Subjective Health (ISH) and Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) subscales (social, emotional, intellectual functioning).
  • Linear regression analysis adjusted for confounders like age, BMI, smoking, education, parity, and partner factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Early perimenopausal women reported lower well-being across all SIP scales compared to premenopausal women.
    • Early postmenopausal women showed lower well-being in emotional, feelings, and sensations (SIP).
    • Intermediate postmenopausal women had lower well-being on the ISH only.
    • Late postmenopausal women reported lower well-being in social functioning and emotional, feelings, and sensations (SIP).

    Conclusions:

    • The climacteric influences women's well-being, particularly affecting behavioral functioning in daily life.
    • Menopausal stage is a significant factor in reduced well-being, especially concerning social and emotional aspects.
    • Findings highlight the need for targeted support addressing the behavioral and emotional impacts of menopause on women's health.