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[Hematic parameters in chronic hypoxemia]

B Elboj1, E Martínez-Ballarín, G Blasco

  • 1Facultad de Medicina de Zaragoza, Area de Fisología, Hospital Clínco Universitario Lozano Blesa, Colegio Universitario de Huesca, España.

Revista Espanola De Fisiologia
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia, or low oxygen levels, increases red blood cell counts but not hemoglobin. White blood cell counts and neutrophils rise as oxygen levels fall, indicating a significant immune response to hypoxia.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Physiology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Hypoxia is a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen levels in the body.
  • The hematic effects of hypoxia are complex and can impact various blood components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hematic effects of varying degrees of hypoxia in a patient cohort.
  • To analyze changes in erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet parameters under hypoxic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Study involved 184 subjects divided into four groups based on partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in capillary blood.
  • Hematological parameters including erythrocyte concentration, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and leukocyte count were analyzed.
  • Leukocyte differentials and peroxidasic activity were also assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Hypoxemic subjects exhibited higher erythrocyte concentrations than normoxemic subjects, without developing polycythemia.
  • No significant differences were observed in hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
  • Hematocrit showed higher values in hypoxemic groups when determined by centrifugation, but not by autoanalyzer.
  • Leukocyte count and the percentage of neutrophyle granulocytes increased progressively as blood pO2 decreased, while lymphocyte percentage decreased.
  • Leukocytes with peroxidasic activity were significantly higher in conditions of lower oxygen offer.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia leads to an increase in red blood cell mass but does not significantly alter hemoglobin concentration or red blood cell indices.
  • Platelet parameters remain largely unaffected by hypoxia.
  • Leukocyte count and neutrophil percentage increase with decreasing oxygen levels, suggesting an inflammatory or stress response.
  • The observed changes highlight the body's adaptive mechanisms to reduced oxygen availability.