The importance of extrahepatic biliary anatomy in preventing complications at laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Major biliary complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be prevented by an understanding of extrahepatic biliary ductal and arterial anatomic relationships. The common patterns of anatomic variations important to the surgeon performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy are reviewed with respect to recently reported biliary injury during this procedure. Recommendations for delineating biliary anatomy and avoiding laparoscopic complications are reviewed.