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The transporters associated with antigen presentation

A Townsend1, J Trowsdale

  • 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.

Seminars in Cell Biology
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
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Two new transporter genes, TAP1 and TAP2, are crucial for presenting cytoplasmic antigens to the immune system. These genes, located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex, facilitate peptide transport for cellular immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Two novel ABC superfamily transporter genes were identified within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in humans, rats, and mice.
  • These genes are implicated in the cellular immune system's ability to present peptides derived from cytoplasmic protein antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize new transporter genes within the MHC.
  • To elucidate the function of these genes in antigen presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Gene identification within the MHC.
  • Analysis of gene structure, including membrane-spanning and ATP-binding domains.
  • Localization studies of the encoded proteins.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • The identified genes were named TAP1 and TAP2 (Transporter associated with Antigen Presentation).
  • Each TAP gene encodes a protein with a membrane-spanning domain and an ATP-binding domain.
  • The TAP1 and TAP2 proteins form a complex localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi membranes.

Conclusions:

  • TAP1 and TAP2 are essential for presenting peptides derived from cytoplasmic antigens to the cellular immune system.
  • The primary function of TAP proteins is likely the translocation of short, non-signal-sequenced peptides from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum for immune presentation.
  • Evidence supporting this function is currently indirect.