Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Worth vs Polarized four-dot test

B W Arthur1, A Marshall, D McGillivray

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Precise Measurement of the Chromoelectric Dipole Moment of the Charm Quark.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Precise Measurement of Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry with Entangled Hyperon-Antihyperon Pairs.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Observation of Λ[over ¯]p→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} and Λ[over ¯]p→K^{+}π^{+}π^{-}2π^{0}.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

First Measurement of the D_{s}^{+}→K^{0}μ^{+}ν_{μ} Decay.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Basal androgen status as a modifiable predictor of poor ovarian response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Frontiers in reproductive health·2026
Same author

Observation of the Electromagnetic Radiative Decays of the Λ(1520) and Λ(1690) to γΣ^{0}.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

TeleROP-NI: Modernizing Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening in Northern Ireland to Enhance Decision-making and Ensure Sustainability.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Ocular Microstructural Alterations in Children With Spina Bifida: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Their Relationship With Optic Nerve Head Alterations in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Evaluating Large Language Models to Improve Spanish Patient Education on Childhood Glaucoma.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Comparative Evaluation of Unilateral Recession-Plication Versus Bilateral Three-Muscle Surgery for Large-Angle Exotropia.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
Same journal

Long-term Visual Sequelae of Shaken Baby Syndrome: A Retrospective Study of 52 Cases.

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus·2026
See all related articles

The Polarized four-dot (P4D) test demonstrates higher interpretable response rates and fusion detection compared to the Worth four-dot (W4D) test. This makes P4D a more effective clinical tool for evaluating binocular vision states.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Vision Science
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • The Worth four-dot (W4D) test is a common tool for assessing binocular vision.
  • Limitations in patient cooperation and test administration can affect W4D test reliability.
  • There is a need for more efficient and accurate methods for evaluating binocular sensorial states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare the performance of the Worth four-dot (W4D) and Polarized four-dot (P4D) tests.
  • To evaluate interpretable response rates, response times, and age of test failure between the two tests.
  • To determine the efficacy of P4D as a clinical tool for binocular vision assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized trial involving 107 unselected patients older than 2.5 years.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Direct comparison of W4D and P4D flashlight tests.
  • Primary outcome: interpretable response rate; Secondary outcomes: response time and age of test failure.

    • Main Results:

    • The P4D test achieved a significantly higher interpretable response rate (91%) compared to the W4D test (73%) (p < .001).
    • Fewer patients failed to complete the P4D test (10) versus the W4D test (29).
    • The P4D test was found to be less dissociative, easier to administer, and had a higher detection rate for fusion.

    Conclusions:

    • The Polarized four-dot (P4D) test offers superior performance over the Worth four-dot (W4D) test in terms of patient cooperation and interpretable results.
    • P4D demonstrates greater efficiency and accuracy in detecting fusion.
    • P4D is recommended as a valuable clinical tool for evaluating binocular sensorial states.