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Viruses of Chelonia
1Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Munich, Germany.
Summary
Reptile viruses fall into two groups: arboviruses transmitted by arthropods, and Chelonia-origin viruses like herpesviruses. Reptiles act as reservoirs for arboviruses, often with inapparent infections.
Area of Science:
- Herpetology
- Virology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Turtle and tortoise viruses are diverse, categorized by ecological and pathogenic traits.
- Two primary groups exist: arboviruses and viruses of Chelonia origin.
- Arboviruses pose significant epidemiological interest for human and veterinary medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To categorize viruses found in turtles and tortoises.
- To understand the role of reptiles in arbovirus transmission.
- To review viruses associated with diseases in Chelonia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and classification of viral agents.
- Analysis of ecological characteristics and pathogenic properties.
- Mention of electron microscopy for virus detection.
Main Results:
- Arboviruses (toga-, flavi-, rhabdo-, bunyaviruses) cause viremia in reptiles without injury, serving as reservoirs during hibernation.
- Chelonia-origin viruses (papova-, herpes-, irido-, paramyxoviruses) are frequently associated with turtle and tortoise diseases.
- Herpesviruses are particularly noted for causing epizootics in captive reptiles.
Conclusions:
- Reptiles play a dual role as reservoirs for arboviruses and hosts for Chelonia-specific viruses.
- Further research is needed to clarify the etiological role of many detected viral agents in reptiles.
- Understanding these viral dynamics is crucial for reptile health and public/veterinary medicine.