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Development of local circuits in human visual cortex

A Burkhalter1, K L Bernardo, V Charles

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
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Visual cortex circuits develop sequentially, with local connections forming prenatally and long-range connections maturing later. This suggests local feature processing develops before integrating visual information for a coherent image representation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Visual System Development

Background:

  • Visual perception relies on complex neuronal circuits in the visual cortex.
  • Circuit development extends into early postnatal life, but assembly processes remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding the precise timing and sequence of circuit formation is crucial for comprehending visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the developmental timeline of local axonal connections within the human visual cortex.
  • To differentiate the developmental trajectories of intracolumnar and intercolumnar connections.
  • To elucidate the sequence of circuit assembly and its implications for visual information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) for axonal tracing.

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  • Examined post-mortem human brain tissue across various gestational and postnatal ages.
  • Analyzed the development of vertical (intracolumnar) and horizontal (intercolumnar) connections within different cortical layers.

    • Main Results:

    • Intracolumnar connections (layers 2/3 to 5) develop early, by 26-29 weeks gestation.
    • Horizontal connections emerge later: within layers 4B and 5 around 37 weeks gestation, with rapid fiber density increase postnatally.
    • Long-range horizontal connections in layer 2/3 develop after 16 weeks postnatal, maturing by 15 months, exhibiting precise topographical organization.

    Conclusions:

    • Intracolumnar circuits for local visual feature processing mature before intercolumnar circuits for integrating visual information.
    • The sequential development of horizontal connections suggests distinct developmental timelines for visual motion processing versus form, color, and depth processing.
    • These findings provide a critical framework for understanding the developmental assembly of the human visual system.