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Age effects in cued recall: sources from implicit and explicit memory

C L McEvoy1, P E Holley, D L Nelson

  • 1Department of Aging and Mental Health, University of South Florida 33612-3899, USA.

Psychology and Aging
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
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This study compared young and old adults on memory recall tasks. Age differences influenced how effectively participants recalled words based on cues and memory search strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Aging impacts cognitive functions, including memory recall.
  • Understanding age-related differences in memory retrieval is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Implicit memory, distinct from explicit recall, may be differentially affected by aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age differences in cued recall performance.
  • To examine the influence of direct versus indirect memory test instructions on recall.
  • To assess how prior associative knowledge (set size) affects memory search and recall in younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments compared young and old adults on word recall.
  • Participants studied words incidentally, rating their concreteness.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cued recall was tested using direct (recall target) and indirect (generate related word) instructions.
  • Target and cue associative set sizes were manipulated as indicators of implicit memory.

    • Main Results:

    • Age differences were observed in cued recall performance.
    • The effects of target and cue set size varied between age groups.
    • Instruction type (direct vs. indirect test) also showed age-related differences in its impact on recall.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging affects explicit and implicit memory processes differently.
    • Associative knowledge and retrieval strategies interact with age in memory recall.
    • Future research should explore interventions to mitigate age-related memory decline.