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Retinoids and chemoprevention: clinical and basic studies
S M Lippman1, R A Heyman, J M Kurie
1University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. Supplement
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Retinoids, like 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA), show promise in preventing oral and head and neck cancers. Studies indicate 13cRA can reverse premalignant lesions and reduce second primary tumors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Chemoprevention
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Retinoids, vitamin A derivatives, are extensively studied for cancer chemoprevention.
- Over 4,000 retinoids exist with diverse preclinical activities and toxicities.
- Retinoids demonstrate efficacy in preclinical models of various cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the chemopreventive potential of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA) in the aerodigestive tract.
- To evaluate 13cRA's efficacy in reversing oral premalignancy and preventing second primary tumors.
- To update on clinical trials and biomarker studies for retinoid chemoprevention.
Main Methods:
- Conducted randomized clinical trials of 13cRA in patients with oral premalignancy.
- Performed randomized trials for head and neck cancer patients using adjuvant 13cRA.
- Investigated intermediate endpoint biomarkers in laboratory studies.
Main Results:
- High-dose 13cRA achieved short-term reversal of oral premalignancy.
- A combination of high- and low-dose 13cRA maintained suppression of oral carcinogenesis.
- 13cRA significantly decreased second primary tumor development in head and neck cancer patients.
Conclusions:
- Retinoids, particularly 13cRA, show significant activity in reversing premalignancy and preventing second primary tumors in the aerodigestive tract.
- 13cRA demonstrated efficacy in oral and head and neck cancer chemoprevention.
- Further research on biomarkers is ongoing to optimize retinoid chemoprevention strategies.