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Friction blisters. Pathophysiology, prevention and treatment
J J Knapik1, K L Reynolds, K L Duplantis
1Soldier Performance Division, US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA.
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|September 1, 1995
Summary
Friction causes blisters by separating skin cells, leading to fluid-filled sacs. Prevention strategies like specific socks and insoles show promise, but more research is needed to confirm effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Blisters commonly affect active individuals due to friction.
- Frictional forces mechanically separate epidermal cells, forming fluid-filled blisters.
- Blister fluid composition is similar to plasma but with lower protein content.
Purpose of the Study:
- To understand the mechanisms of blister formation.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of various blister prevention strategies.
- To review current blister treatment methods.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of friction mechanics on skin.
- Review of studies on blister prevention interventions (e.g., socks, insoles).
- Examination of blister healing and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- Blister formation is determined by frictional force magnitude and repetition.
- Moist skin increases friction; very dry or very wet skin decreases it.
- Certain socks (acrylic, polyester/wool blends) and insoles may reduce blister incidence.
Conclusions:
- Skin adaptations like epidermal thickening can reduce blister likelihood.
- More research is needed to validate prevention strategies.
- Draining intact blisters and using hydrocolloid dressings for deroofed blisters are recommended treatments.