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Related Experiment Videos

Gossypol toxicity in preruminant calves

R Z Zelski1, J T Rothwell, R E Moore

  • 1NSW Agriculture, Maitland, New South Wales.

Australian Veterinary Journal
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cottonseed meal (CSM) poisoning in calves caused significant mortality, with symptoms including edema and liver damage. Gossypol toxicity from CSM can lead to severe health issues and death in young cattle.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Animal Nutrition

Background:

  • Cottonseed meal (CSM) is a common feed ingredient for cattle.
  • High concentrations of free gossypol in CSM can cause toxicity.

Observation:

  • Calves fed a diet with 33% CSM experienced mortality between 7 and 15 weeks of age.
  • Clinical signs included rough coats, anorexia, weakness, ascites, and subcutaneous edema.
  • Post-mortem examinations revealed liver damage (necrosis and fibrosis), pulmonary congestion, and myocardial atrophy.

Findings:

  • Histopathology confirmed periacinar liver necrosis and fibrosis, indicative of chronic or acute toxic injury.
  • Pulmonary edema, haemosiderosis, and vascular fibrosis were observed in the lungs.
  • The diet contained free gossypol at concentrations of 100-220 mg/kg, supporting a diagnosis of gossypol poisoning.

Implications:

  • Gossypol poisoning from cottonseed meal poses a significant risk to calf health and survival.
  • Careful management of CSM inclusion levels and monitoring for toxicity are crucial in animal feed.
  • Understanding gossypol toxicity is vital for preventing economic losses in cattle farming.

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