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Host factors affecting disease transmission
1Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, USA.
Dental Clinics of North America
|April 1, 1996
Summary
The human host employs numerous defense mechanisms, including physical barriers, antimicrobial substances, and specialized cells, to prevent infectious disease transmission. These innate and adaptive immune responses work together to eliminate pathogens and protect the host system.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
Background:
- The human host possesses a complex array of defense mechanisms to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.
- These mechanisms range from physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes to chemical secretions and specialized cellular responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the host's defense strategies against infectious disease transmission.
- To highlight the interplay between nonspecific and specific immune responses in maintaining host integrity.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of established knowledge on host defense mechanisms.
- Categorization of defenses into nonspecific (innate) and specific (adaptive) immune responses.
Main Results:
- Nonspecific defenses include intact integument, secreted substances (mucin, fatty acids), surface structures (keratin, cilia), commensal microflora, complement system, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs), and the mononuclear phagocyte system.
- Specific defenses involve B lymphocytes producing antibodies and T lymphocytes mediating cell killing and immune modulation.
- Fever and inflammation are crucial systemic responses that aid in pathogen destruction and removal.
Conclusions:
- A multi-layered defense system, encompassing both innate and adaptive immunity, is essential for preventing infectious disease transmission.
- The coordinated action of various immune components ensures effective pathogen clearance and host protection.