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Current trends in dental composites

J L Ferracane1

  • 1Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3097, USA.

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine : an Official Publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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It is time to move on.....

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Dental composites have improved color stability and strength, but polymerization shrinkage limits their use in posterior teeth. Research focuses on developing minimally-shrinking composites and advanced filler materials for better performance.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Dental composites have advanced with improved polymerization promoters, high-concentration fillers, radiopacifying agents, and dentin adhesives.
  • Despite improvements, limitations persist, particularly for posterior teeth, due to polymerization shrinkage affecting marginal seal and inadequate mechanical properties for amalgam replacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the composition and characteristics of current dental composites.
  • To discuss recent advancements and ongoing research in dental composite materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on dental composite formulations and clinical performance.
  • Analysis of modifications including polymerization promoters, filler technology, radiopacifying agents, and dentin adhesives.
  • Examination of research into novel materials like non-shrinking composites and alternative fillers.

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Main Results:

  • Formulation modifications have enhanced color stability, strength, wear resistance, translucency, and diagnostic capabilities.
  • Polymerization-induced contraction remains a significant challenge, impacting marginal integrity and suitability for posterior restorations.
  • Current research aims to overcome these limitations through innovative chemistry and material science.

Conclusions:

  • Dental composites have evolved significantly, offering improved aesthetics and clinical performance.
  • Addressing polymerization shrinkage and enhancing mechanical properties are critical for expanding composite applications, especially in load-bearing posterior restorations.
  • Future developments focus on non-shrinking resins and advanced filler technologies for superior wear resistance and esthetics.