Anorectal and pelvic floor function. Relevance of continence, incontinence, and constipation

Anorectal tests need to be tailored to the presentation of the individual patient. Clearly the tests are most useful when they identify anatomic or physiologic abnormalities for which there are successful treatments. For the incontinent patient, anal manometry is the most useful test. Sphincter injuries should be repaired, whereas neurogenic incontinence is best treated initially with biofeedback. Three tests are more useful for the constipated patient: colonic transit time, degree of pelvic floor descent on straining, and balloon expulsion. Colonic inertia responds to total colectomy and pelvic floor dysfunction to biofeedback. Meanwhile, patients with irritable bowel syndrome require rereferral back to their physicians.