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Summary
Advanced practice nurses (APNs) are increasingly providing primary care to individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They must be prepared to support gay and lesbian patients through the psychosocial challenges of coming out, especially when compounded by HIV infection.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare
- Public Health
- Psychology
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) early intervention is shifting towards primary care settings.
- Advanced practice nurses (APNs) are increasingly involved in providing primary care to people with HIV.
- Homosexual or bisexual contact remains a significant risk factor for new acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the need for APNs to understand and address the psychosocial development of homosexual individuals.
- To examine the 'coming out' process as a universal psychosocial experience for homosexual persons.
- To explore how HIV infection can exacerbate the stress associated with coming out.
Main Methods:
- This study is a review of current trends and considerations in primary care for people with HIV.
- It synthesizes information on the psychosocial aspects of identity development in homosexual individuals.
- It examines the intersection of 'coming out' and HIV status within the healthcare context.
Main Results:
- The 'coming out' process is a universal yet stress-inducing experience for homosexual individuals.
- HIV infection can significantly magnify the psychological stress associated with coming out.
- The healthcare system needs to be better equipped to support gay and lesbian individuals through these transitions.
Conclusions:
- APNs require specific knowledge to manage the psychosocial needs of gay and lesbian patients with HIV.
- Addressing the 'coming out' process is crucial for holistic care, extending beyond HIV-specific treatment.
- Support for navigating identity and health transitions is necessary across the lifespan for LGBTQ+ individuals.