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Related Experiment Videos

Diffusion MRI: precision, accuracy and flow effects

T E Conturo1, R C McKinstry, J A Aronovitz

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
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This review examines the accuracy and precision of diffusion MRI techniques, focusing on practical methods for clinical brain imaging. It details factors affecting accuracy, including system and biological influences, and explores applications in microvasculature blood flow studies.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Diffusion MRI has evolved significantly over the past decade, accumulating substantial literature.
  • A comprehensive review of diffusion-weighted and quantitative diffusion MRI is timely given its widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the accuracy and precision of diffusion MRI methods for clinical human imaging, especially in the brain.
  • To detail the requirements for accuracy and precision across various clinical and basic science applications.
  • To evaluate methods for measuring diffusion effects using MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Emphasis on Pulse Gradient Spin Echo (PGSE) methods, common in clinical settings.
  • Review of PGSE data processing and various encoding schemes for diffusion measurements.

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  • Consideration of system, object, and microscopic biophysical factors impacting accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified system inaccuracies: background gradients, gradient linearity, RF pulses, eddy currents, misregistration, noise, dynamic range.
    • Identified object-related inaccuracies: sample background gradients, motion (CSF, organs).
    • Identified microscopic biophysical factors: partial volume, anisotropy, restriction, diffusion distance, compartmentation, exchange, multiexponential decay, T2 weighting, perfusion.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffusion MRI methods, particularly PGSE, are crucial for clinical brain imaging but require careful consideration of numerous accuracy-impacting factors.
    • The review details factors ranging from system imperfections to complex tissue biophysics.
    • Applications in microvasculature blood flow studies and fMRI signal suppression are discussed, highlighting stringent accuracy needs.