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The HeLa cell receptor for enterovirus 70 is decay-accelerating factor (CD55)
T M Karnauchow1, D L Tolson, B A Harrison
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Virology
|August 1, 1996
Summary
Enterovirus 70 (EV70) uses Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) as its host cell receptor. This finding explains EV70
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Enterovirus 70 (EV70) is a unique human picornavirus capable of infecting diverse nonprimate cell lines.
- Understanding virus receptors is crucial for determining viral host range and tropism.
- Previous research identified Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) as a receptor for other enteroviruses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the specific host cell surface receptor for Enterovirus 70 (EV70).
- To investigate the role of DAF (CD55) as a potential receptor for EV70.
Main Methods:
- Production of a monoclonal antibody (MAb EVR1) against the EV70 receptor.
- Inhibition assays using MAb EVR1 to block EV70 infection and binding.
- Western immunoassays and immunoprecipitation to identify the receptor protein.
- Expression studies of human DAF in various cell lines (CHO, NIH 3T3) to confirm receptor function.
Main Results:
- MAb EVR1 specifically bound to HeLa cells and blocked EV70 infection, but not poliovirus or coxsackievirus B3.
- MAb EVR1 identified a 75 kDa glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein on HeLa cells.
- EV70 binding and infection were mediated by Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), confirmed through DAF-expressing cell lines.
Conclusions:
- Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) is the functional host cell receptor for Enterovirus 70 (EV70).
- This discovery elucidates the tropism of EV70 and provides a target for antiviral strategies.