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Dentin ablation with three infrared lasers

J Neev1, K Pham, J P Lee

  • 1Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, CA 92715, USA.

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Plasma interaction regimes significantly influence laser ablation of tooth structure. Efficient ablation for dental applications requires understanding plasma characteristics for optimal laser performance.

Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Laser-tissue interactions
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Lasers are utilized for dental caries removal but struggle with sound tooth structure ablation.
  • Investigating plasma interaction regimes is crucial for understanding laser ablation characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate plasma interaction regimes as the primary determinant of laser ablation characteristics in dental tissues.
  • To compare the ablation rates, surface temperatures, and morphological changes induced by different laser systems.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated three laser systems: Er:YSGG (2.94 µm, 250 µs), Ho:YSGG (2.1 µm, 250 µs), and Nd:YAG (1.06 µm, 15 ns).
  • Measured ablation rates (AR), surface temperatures (ST), and surface morphology.
  • Focused on the role of plasma formation during laser-tissue interaction.

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Main Results:

  • Er:YSGG produced the highest surface temperatures (>300°C), followed by Ho:YSGG (150°C) and Nd:YAG (<80°C).
  • Ablation rates were highest with Er:YSGG and Ho:YSGG, and significantly lower with Nd:YAG (<3 µm).
  • Efficient ablation was observed only when plasma was present, with Er:YSGG and Ho:YSGG showing comparable rates, an order of magnitude higher than the Nd:YAG system.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma characteristics are the principal factor governing laser ablation efficiency and outcomes.
  • Understanding plasma dynamics can optimize laser parameters for dental applications, potentially improving sound tooth structure removal.